A team of researchers from Tsinghua University and Beijing Tongren Hospital has unveiled a surprising culprit behind chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps: a ‘rogue’ immune cell that intensifies inflammation and tissue damage.
Published in the scientific journal Nature, the study reveals that a specialized type of memory CD8+ T cell secretes a protein called Granzyme K (GZMK), which was previously overlooked. This protein, instead of defending the body, exacerbates the symptoms of chronic sinus conditions.
“Think of white blood cells as the body’s defense army, with T lymphocytes as its elite forces,” explained Dr. Zhang Luo from Beijing Tongren Hospital. “Among them, memory CD8+ T cells are like specialized commandos. But in this case, some are going rogue.”
Unlike traditional cells that release Granzyme B to combat invaders, these memory CD8+ T cells secrete Granzyme K. This protein bypasses the need for antibodies and directly activates the body’s defense system. However, instead of protecting, Granzyme K intensifies tissue damage and inflammation, worsening the condition.
Chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps affect millions worldwide, causing symptoms like nasal congestion, loss of smell, and headaches. While current treatments offer temporary relief, many patients experience recurrent episodes.
The discovery of GZMK’s role offers a promising new target for drug development. Experimental models showed that inhibiting GZMK significantly reduced inflammation.
“In the future, medications designed to target Granzyme K could help control inflammation and reduce recurrence,” said Professor Qi Hai of Tsinghua University. “This could potentially revolutionize treatment for chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, and related allergic diseases.”
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Scientists find 'rouge' immune cells fueling chronic sinus infections
cgtn.com
