Chinese scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery that could revolutionize rice farming in hot climates.
A team from Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan has identified a key gene, called QT12, that enhances rice’s ability to withstand extreme heat while maintaining high grain quality and yield. Their findings were published on the website of the journal Cell on Wednesday.
“Under high temperatures, the QT12 gene interacts with a protein complex known as NF-Y, acting like a firewall inside the rice grains,” explained Li Yibo, the lead researcher. “This not only shields the grains from extreme heat but also stabilizes starch and protein synthesis.”
During last year’s intense heat waves, the team conducted large-scale field trials across the Yangtze River basin. By introducing QT12 into the popular hybrid rice variety “Huazhan,” they achieved remarkable yield increases: 49.1% in Wuhan, 77.9% in Hangzhou, and 31.2% in Changsha. Additionally, the quality of the rice improved significantly.
The Yangtze River basin, which produces about two-thirds of China’s rice, has been experiencing extreme temperatures that threaten crop production. “Our discovery offers a new molecular mechanism and a practical breeding solution to ensure both high yield and quality in rice under high-temperature conditions,” Li said. “We are now collaborating with domestic companies to accelerate the application of this gene in rice breeding programs.”
This breakthrough holds promise not only for China but also for other regions in the Global South facing similar challenges due to climate change. Heat-resistant rice could be a game-changer for farmers struggling with rising temperatures, ensuring food security and stable livelihoods.
