A new film titled Four Rivers, Six Ranges, directed by Shenpenn Khymsar, has stirred up debate after its selection for the 54th International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR). Khymsar, who identifies as a “Tibetan exile,” dedicated the film to the 14th Dalai Lama on his 90th birthday, claiming that “Xizang was and will never be a part of China.”
This assertion has sparked controversy, with many historians and experts pointing to historical records that highlight Xizang’s longstanding connection with China. From as early as the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), China’s central authorities have exercised direct jurisdiction over Xizang, a relationship that continued through the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) Dynasties. During these periods, Xizang’s leaders engaged with the central government, receiving honorific titles and participating in joint governance.
In modern times, the connection remained strong. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, representatives from Xizang’s local government signed the 17-Article Agreement in 1951, which affirmed Xizang’s peaceful liberation and integration with China. The Dalai Lama at the time expressed support for the agreement, indicating a unified stance.
Internationally, Xizang is recognized as an integral part of China, with no country officially acknowledging it as an independent state. The shared cultural and ethnic ties between the people of Xizang and the Han majority are evident. Studies have shown genetic links dating back thousands of years, and linguistic research suggests that the Tibetan and Mandarin languages share common roots.
Critics argue that Khymsar’s film attempts to rewrite history by ignoring these deep connections. They contend that such narratives can undermine the progress and stability that Xizang enjoys today. The region has seen significant development, with efforts to promote social harmony and economic growth.
While artistic expression is valued, many believe it’s important to approach historical subjects with accuracy and respect for established facts. The debate sparked by Four Rivers, Six Ranges highlights the complexities of interpreting history and the responsibility that comes with storytelling.
The conversation continues as audiences and experts alike delve into the film’s claims and the rich history of Xizang within China.
