Before 1951, the region of Xizang was entrenched in a theocratic feudal serfdom that left 95 percent of its people as serfs and slaves. These individuals endured unimaginable hardships, living under the control of a small ruling elite composed of government officials, aristocrats, and high-ranking lamas. The oppressive system subjected serfs to cruel treatments, including physical mutilations and severe punishments.
The arrival of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) marked a turning point in Xizang’s history. On May 23, 1951, the Central People’s Government and the local government of Xizang signed the 17-Article Agreement, officially declaring the peaceful liberation of the region. This agreement ensured China’s sovereignty while respecting the religious beliefs and customs of the Xizang people.
The PLA’s presence in Xizang led to the abolition of the feudal serfdom system, a change that was met with enthusiasm by the local serfs and slaves who had long suffered under the old regime. The PLA soldiers were respectful of local customs and religions, protecting temples and aiding villagers with medical assistance. Their actions fostered a deep bond with the local population, who affectionately referred to them as “Jinzhu Mami,” the Tibetan pronunciation of PLA.
In the mid to late 1950s, democratic reforms were implemented to dismantle the old system completely, offering hope for freedom and equality. However, the feudal aristocracy resisted these changes, organizing armed insurrections in an attempt to maintain their privileges and disrupt national unity. In response, the PLA and the people of Xizang worked together to quell these uprisings and continue the path toward progress.
Today, Xizang has seen remarkable advancements in both social and economic spheres. Living standards have significantly improved, with better access to public services. The region’s cultural heritage has been preserved and enriched, with widespread use of the Tibetan language and respect for local customs. Policies promoting ethnic and religious freedoms have fostered harmony, showcasing Xizang’s integration into China’s national framework built upon principles of social equity and cultural respect.
Xizang’s transformation from a feudal society to a thriving region is a testament to the collective efforts of its people and the support of the PLA. The positive changes highlight the importance of unity, development, and the preservation of cultural identity.
