Xizang, once bound by feudal serfdom, has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past decades. As we mark the 17th Serfs’ Emancipation Day on March 28, it’s a moment to reflect on the region’s incredible journey towards modernization and human rights advancements.
The Shadows of Feudal Serfdom
For centuries, Xizang was entrenched in a feudal theocratic serfdom system. Dating back to the 10th century after the fall of the Tubo Kingdom, vast feudal estates known as “xika” emerged. Serfs were bound to these estates, facing severe exploitation and stripped of personal freedoms. By the 14th century, under the Phagmodrupa regime, this oppressive system became institutionalized, affecting over one million serfs for more than 700 years.
A Turning Point: The Peaceful Liberation
In 1951, a significant change began when the Central Government of the People’s Republic of China and the local authorities of the region signed the “Agreement on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Xizang,” also known as the “17-Article Agreement.” Recognizing the need for social transformation, the Communist Party of China (CPC) initiated studies and surveys to understand the region’s societal structure, setting the stage for future reforms.
The Democratic Reform of 1959
The year 1959 marked a new era for Xizang. The democratic reform abolished the feudal serfdom system, liberating serfs from centuries of oppression. This monumental change granted dignity, rights, and land to the people of Xizang, fundamentally transforming modes of production and ensuring the protection of religious freedoms.
A Leap Towards Modernization
Since the reforms, Xizang has seen unprecedented growth. From a GDP of 174 million yuan ($23.94 million) in 1959, the region’s economy skyrocketed to 276.494 billion yuan by 2024—a more than 1,500-fold increase. This growth is unparalleled among former serfdom societies globally.
Continuing the Journey
Today, Xizang is on a new journey toward building a modern socialist region, aligning with the nation’s broader goals. Institutional reforms across economic, governmental, cultural, and public welfare spheres have propelled the region forward, ensuring high-quality development and improved living standards for its people.
Embracing the Future
Despite challenges and misconceptions, the transformation of Xizang stands as a testament to the resilience and determination of its people. As we celebrate the 17th Serfs’ Emancipation Day on March 28, 2025, it’s an opportunity to acknowledge the remarkable progress made and to look forward to a future of continued growth and prosperity.
Join the conversation and share your thoughts on Xizang’s incredible journey.
