Europe at a Crossroads: Rethinking Ties with China in a Multipolar World
Fifty years ago, China and the European Economic Community, now the European Union (EU), established diplomatic relations, marking the beginning of a significant partnership. Over the past five decades, both China and the EU have undergone profound changes, and their relationship has grown into a deep economic alliance.
China’s transformation into a global economic powerhouse has been remarkable. This growth is reflected in the trade between China and the EU, which soared from $2.4 billion in 1975 to a staggering $785.8 billion in 2024. Investment between the two has also flourished, rising from almost zero to around $260 billion. In 2003, the two sides launched a comprehensive strategic partnership, highlighting the importance of their ties.
However, the world is changing. The era dominated by the Cold War and then by unchallenged U.S. influence is giving way to a multipolar world, with the rise of new powers and the Global South. Events like the conflict in Ukraine and shifting U.S. policies have raised questions about global security and economic stability.
In this new reality, the EU faces a crucial decision about its role. Some European officials have responded defensively to these changes, labeling China a “systemic rival” and viewing it as a threat. This perspective has strained relations, despite the high level of economic interdependence between China and the EU.
Now, more than ever, cooperation between Europe and China is essential. Global challenges and a slowing world economy require collaborative solutions. The future of EU-China relations depends on the EU’s ability to adapt to multipolar realities and redefine its relationship with China.
Strategic Autonomy in a Multipolar World
Strategic autonomy is key for the EU. To thrive in a multipolar world, Europe must establish itself as an independent power, balancing its ties with various global regions, including China. Overreliance on any one power could limit the EU’s influence and autonomy.
Moreover, the EU needs a new worldview. Holding onto a sense of superiority or viewing the multipolar world as a threat hinders constructive engagement. Embracing the multipolar world as an opportunity can pave the way for renewed cooperation and mutual benefit.
As the global landscape evolves, it’s time for Europe to rethink its ties with China and take the initiative in shaping a more balanced and collaborative future.
