The leaders of China and five Central Asian nations gathered in Astana, Kazakhstan, for the second China-Central Asia Summit, marking a significant step forward in regional cooperation. Moving beyond the initial agreements of their first summit in Xi’an, China, in 2023, the countries have now adopted concrete plans to deepen their partnership.
The Astana Summit focused on transforming the “China-Central Asia spirit”—a vision of mutual respect, mutual trust, mutual benefit, and mutual assistance—into actionable initiatives. This spirit, highlighted by Chinese President Xi Jinping, traces back over two millennia of connectivity along the ancient Silk Road.
From Plans to Action
During the summit, the nations signed a series of agreements covering trade facilitation, industrial investment, agricultural modernization, and cultural exchanges. Trade between China and the Central Asian countries has already reached a record $94 billion in 2024, showcasing the strength of their economic ties.
The Astana Declaration builds upon the foundation laid by the Xi’an Declaration. While the Xi’an meeting outlined broad goals for cooperation, the Astana Summit transformed these goals into specific action plans. Projects like the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway are set to enhance connectivity and economic development in the region.
A Commitment to Lasting Friendship
A significant outcome of the summit was the signing of the Treaty on Permanent Friendly Neighborliness and Cooperation. This treaty emphasizes a long-term commitment to non-aggression, mutual support, and peaceful dispute resolution, providing a stable foundation for the region’s future.
By focusing on development as a path to peace and stability, the leaders aim to address the root causes of conflict. Initiatives in poverty reduction, education, and environmental protection are designed to improve the lives of people across Central Asia.
Building a Shared Future
The partnership between China and Central Asia is setting an example of cooperative international relations. By prioritizing mutual benefits and shared interests, the countries are working towards a prosperous and interconnected region. The Astana Summit has reinforced their commitment to a shared future, emphasizing development and stability over competition and division.
As they designate 2025-2026 as the “Year of High-Quality Cooperation and Development,” these nations are charting a path towards sustainable growth and long-term prosperity.
