Spain is pushing back against growing pressure from NATO allies to increase its defense spending to 5% of its national output. As the NATO summit approaches, this resistance could test the unity of the alliance at a crucial time.
In 2024, Spain dedicated the smallest proportion of its economic output to defense among NATO members, falling short of the 2% target set back in 2014. While the Spanish government has promised to meet the 2% mark this year, proposals to raise the target to 5% have met with hesitation.
Defense Minister Margarita Robles emphasized Spain’s commitment to NATO’s objectives but cautioned against setting rigid percentage goals. “Many countries want five percent; we respect that,” she said during a recent meeting in Brussels. “But Spain will fulfill the capacities and objectives assigned by NATO, and we cannot set ourselves a percentage.”
Internal politics play a significant role in Spain’s stance. The minority left-wing coalition government faces challenges in increasing military spending due to opposition from its far-left junior partner, which is resistant to such hikes. Prime Minister Pédro Sánchez must balance NATO commitments with maintaining support from coalition allies crucial for his government’s stability.
Economic factors also contribute to Spain’s reluctance. With one of the highest debt levels in the European Union—over 100% of its GDP—there are concerns about the impact of increased defense spending on public finances.
Geography further influences Spain’s position. Being farther from Russia compared to eastern European countries like Poland reduces the immediacy of perceived threats. “We do not feel threatened; we do not want to enter armed conflicts,” noted defense analyst Felix Arteaga.
As the NATO summit approaches, discussions will likely focus on the specifics of defense spending definitions and timelines. NATO chief Mark Rutte has suggested a 3.5% target for traditional military spending, with an additional 1.5% for broader security measures like cybersecurity and border protection.
The outcome of these negotiations will reveal how NATO members balance collective security goals with national priorities, especially in times of political and economic complexity.
